Exploring Hidden Gems: Mount Gambier Sinkholes and Caves

Are you ready for a thrilling adventure? Get ready to explore the mesmerizing world of Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves! 

These natural wonders are indeed something out of this world. Standing on the edge of these magnificent sinkholes, I couldn’t help but be in awe of their sheer beauty and mystery.

But first, let me give you a little bit of background. Mount Gambier is located in South Australia and is home to some of Earth’s most unique geological formations.

The sinkholes here were formed millions of years ago through various natural processes, creating a breathtaking and intriguing landscape.

In this article, we’ll dive deep into the geological history of Mount Gambier and discover the different types of sinkholes found in the area. 

Mount Gambier Cenotes (Sinkholes)

As you venture into Mount Gambier, you will encounter an awe-inspiring spectacle: the remarkable sinkholes that dot the landscape.

These sinkholes are geological formations resulting from the collapse of underground limestone caves.

With their dramatic vertical walls and shimmering turquoise waters, the sinkholes cast an enchanting spell on all who witness their magnificence.

✔️Umpherston Sinkhole / Balumbul 

Another gem in Mount Gambier’s sinkholes collection is the enchanting Umpherston Sinkhole.

A hidden oasis nestled amidst a verdant garden, this sinkhole presents a serene and tranquil atmosphere.

As you descend into its depths, you’ll be greeted by a lush carpet of greenery, delicate ferns, and a captivating sunken garden. It’s the perfect spot to immerse yourself in nature’s embrace.

Originally a limestone cave, the Sunken Garden, also recognized as the Umpherston Sinkhole/Balumbul, came into being through limestone dissolution.

The chamber’s top collapsing downward led to the creation of the cenote.

Now, the floor’s topsoil provides an ideal environment for a sunken garden.

Beautified originally around 1886 by James Umpherston, the cenote is always open.

As dusk settles each evening, the floodlit gardens buzz with life as possums emerge to feed.

The formation of the area’s cenotes and their geological intricacies inspire the sculpture at Umpherston Sinkhole/Balumbul.

✔️Blue Lake Sinkhole

One of the most renowned sinkholes in Mount Gambier is the Blue Lake Sinkhole.

The Blue Lake, cradled in the stunning volcanic landscape of an extinct Mount Gambier crater, is a sight to behold.

Between December and March each year, it flaunts a dazzling cobalt blue hue, which transforms into a darker steel grey from April to November.

The Lake is encircled by a 3.6-kilometre walking trail, guiding visitors to various viewing platforms around its perimeter.

This path also provides a route to the underpass between the Leg of Mutton Lake crater and the Blue Lake, adding to the allure of the scenic spots of Mount Gambier and its volcanic crater.

✔️Little Blue Lake

Wedged subtly between two dormant volcanoes, Mount Schank and Mount Gambier, and just a hop, skip, and a jump away from its larger, bluer sibling, the Blue Lake, Little Blue Lake is a star in its own right among Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves.

It’s a hotspot for fun-loving families, van-lifers, thrill-seekers, and romantic couples drawn to its Instagram-worthy shores.

No permits are needed to swim in this haven where the cool crowd congregates.

However, qualified cave divers will require one.

During warmer months, the refreshing waters make it an ideal spot to escape the heat.

Surrounded by cliffs, this clean, green water body measures approximately 40 meters wide and plunges up to 47 meters deep.

Experienced swimmers descending the stairway into the basin can enjoy a leisurely float or an adrenaline-pumping leap from the floating pontoon.

✔️Kilsby Sinkhole

Amidst the picturesque rolling countryside just 14km south of Mount Gambier, a unique geological feature on a sheep farm is discovered – the Kilsby Sinkhole.

Previously, it served merely as a watering hole on the stock route through the Mount Schank area.

Today, it holds a rich history and offers various adventures as it lies at the core of farming activities led by the Kilsby family for four generations.

Transitioning from its past, the usage of sinkholes has expanded over time.

As you delve into the sinkhole, the geological shifts over millions of years reveal themselves in rock layers.

At the water level, a pontoon provides an exclusive, serene atmosphere to soak in the ancient wonder of this Mount Gambier sinkhole.

✔️Ewens Ponds

Nestled 10 kilometres east of Port MacDonnell, the magical underwater gardens of Ewens Ponds Conservation Park, a local gem within the Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves, offer an enchanting experience.

Its pure and clear water gives the illusion of snorkelling through the air – a sight that genuinely needs to be witnessed to be appreciated.

Boasting three sizeable interconnected freshwater springs, each around 10 meters deep, they provide an awe-inspiring view with distinct clarity and vibrant hues.

Over thousands of years, a leafy subterranean wonderland has been continuously nourished by limestone-filtered spring water, giving birth to one of the planet’s most glass-like plunge pools.

✔️Piccaninnie Ponds

Piccaninnie Ponds Conservation Park, one of the gems in the Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves network, offers a unique watery wonderland where you can dive right in.

Not just a subterranean beauty, it’s recognized globally as a vital wetland.

Natural limestone filters deliver the clearest diving experience on Earth, attracting adventure-loving water enthusiasts for decades.

Home to some of the most striking and unusual underwater formations, this local marvel is a short half-hour drive from Mount Gambier, close to the Victorian border.

Nestled alongside the Lower South East Marine Park, unlike Ewens Ponds Conservation Park, which experiences seasonal closures, this thrilling underwater playground remains open throughout the year.

✔️Cave Garden / Thugi 

Located in the city’s centre, the Cave Gardens is a sinkhole transformed into a garden, similar to the Umpherston Sinkhole.

A rose garden was added in the late 19th century, and platforms around the sinkhole offer excellent views of the gardens.

Aboriginal Dreamtime stories come to life every evening in a breathtaking Evening Light Show.

Its best vantage point is inside the cave, with timings changing due to seasons and daylight savings.

✔️Hells Hole Mt Gambier

Venture off Glenelg River Road into the pine forests, and you’ll stumble upon Hell’s Hole, an intriguing part of the Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves.

The cenote, viewed from the platform, initially presents as a deep black water body.

However, on closer examination, the clarity of the water comes into focus.

You might even witness qualified divers emerging from the depths. This enigmatic sinkhole is a favourite among abseiling cave divers.

While diving requires permits, the viewing platform delivers spectacular views for those who prefer to remain dry.

✔️Caroline Sinkhole

Situated within Penambol Conservation Park, the Caroline Sinkhole is a part of the fascinating Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves network.

Above the current water table, its cenote bottom is carpeted with lush green grass and wall-draped vines.

A short walk from the car park takes you to a viewing platform for a panoramic view.

Archaeological excavations suggest that the internal ledges likely offered shelter to early Aboriginal inhabitants, revealing a peek into the area’s historical human connection.

✔️Gouldens Sinkhole

Gouldens Waterhole, part of the Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves network, is a cave diving site near Mount Gambier in Mount Schank.

The Department of Environment and Water oversees all diving activities within the sinkhole.

Its main attractions include fish, yabbies, and thermoclines in its 15-meter deep water.

With dimensions of 26 meters, deep and wide, and typically good water visibility, it’s a favourite training spot for divers and students alike.

✔️The Pines Sinkhole

Located amidst a forest near Mount Gambier, The Pines Sinkhole is a celebrated cave diving destination in South Australia.

Its geographical makeup and narrow boulders restrict access to only cave-qualified divers.

This sinkhole offers a unique experience for adventurous divers beyond the typical coral reefs.

Being qualified to dive the numerous Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves is mandatory, and exploration opportunities are plentiful for those ready.

The sinkhole’s popularity stems from its cenote-like characteristics: pristine water, abundant underwater caves, petrification on them, wall graffiti, and a myriad of tiny marine animals thriving beneath the surface.

✔️The Sisters Sinkhole

Situated just a brief drive from the famous Kilsby’s Sinkhole, The Sisters consist of two nearly intersecting sinkholes separated by a dry limestone saddle.

This saddle, approximately 15 meters wide and three meters high, distinguishes the northern from the southern hole.

Mirroring each other, these holes showcase lakes spanning 40 meters across, bordered by vertical cliffs descending nine meters to the water’s surface.

The southern hole contains wrecks and debris, while its northern counterpart remains remarkably clean.

Beneath the surface, the mud-floored lakes continue under the cliffs into dark overhangs, reaching maximum depths of about 20 meters.

Mount Gambier Caves

Beyond the enchanting sinkholes, Mount Gambier holds a secret world beneath the surface beneath the enchanting sinkholes – a labyrinth of mystical caves that beckons adventurers to explore their hidden treasures.

Situated in the southeastern part of the state, Mount Gambier is home to several stunning limestone caves that attract thousands of visitors each year.

These caves near Mount Gambier, carved by nature over millions of years, offer a glimpse into the earth’s ancient past.

✔️Naracoorte Caves

Just an hour’s drive north of Mount Gambier, you can find South Australia’s only World Heritage site – Naracoorte Caves National Park.

This park is an integral part of the Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves and houses an invaluable fossil record of ancient wildlife that used to inhabit the region.

At the Wonambi Fossil Centre, these extinct creatures are brought back to life.

The centre showcases how the caves served as pitfall traps, preserving skeletal remnants for up to 500,000 years.

Four of these caves welcome the public for guided, self-guided, and adventure caving tours.

The remaining caves are exploration grounds for scientists and paleontologists who continue to uncover fascinating insights into our past.

✔️Engelbrecht Cave

Among the prominent caves in Mount Gambier, Engelbrecht Cave stands out for its unique features and historical significance.

This captivating limestone cave system was once used as a water source for the town and now provides an immersive experience for visitors.

Marvel at the intricate stalactites and stalagmites that adorn the cave’s chambers, creating a breathtaking tapestry of nature’s artistry.

✔️Fossil Cave

The Green Waterhole is located in Tantanoola, a quaint town on South Australia’s Limestone Coast.

This cave, housed within a 30-million-year-old Oligocene coralline limestone, holds immense value for palaeontology and cave diving enthusiasts.

Its standout feature is the karst sinkhole, predominantly filled with water.

Often still referred to by its original name, the Green Waterhole, the Fossil Cave got its current name in 1989 by the Government of South Australia, reflecting the area’s rich fossil findings.

Since the 1960s, scientists and divers have uncovered an array of Pleistocene sub-fossils of mammals and birds, particularly in a rock pile located 15 meters beneath the water’s surface.

Initial fossil discoveries were made in 1964, followed by more in 1968.

The South Australian Museum conducted numerous expeditions between 1968 and 1974, and the South Australian Underwater Speleological Society excavated in 1987.

Speculation suggests that these animals perished while trying to drink from the water.

Fascinatingly, subfossil dating indicates that these remnants date back 15,000 to 40,000 years ago, including several extinct species.

✔️Tantanoola Cave

Tantanoola Cave, a jewel waiting to be discovered, is located just a short distance from Mount Gambier.

Step into a world of wonder as you venture deep into the underground passages adorned with stunning limestone formations.

The mesmerizing display of stalactites and stalagmites evokes a sense of awe, while the knowledgeable guides share the cave’s fascinating history and geology.

✔️Princess Margaret Rose Cave

Nestled just across the Victorian and South Australian state border within the Lower Glenelg National Park, you’ll find the Princess Margaret Rose Cave.

This site, part of the Mount Gambier sinkholes and caves, boasts a spectrum of crystalline structures formed over centuries by mineral and tannin filtration through the soil.

Typically, limestone caves emerge from water seeping through limestone cracks and fault lines, dissolving the rock to create fissures and tunnels.

The formation of Princess Margaret Rose Cave, however, received assistance from the Glenelg River water that travelled along a fault line for approximately 500 meters.

Where to Stay in Mount Gambier

In Mount Gambier, accommodation options abound to fit any budget and style.

Whether you’re a backpacker looking for cost-efficient lodgings, a traveller seeking comfortable mid-range hotels, or a luxury seeker craving opulence, this city has you covered.

🏨 Budget: Motel Mount Gambier

• ⭐ Rating: 7.3 out of 10
• 🏆 Known for: Location, outdoor swimming pool
• 🏨 Check Rates & Availability on Booking.com

Situated right in the heart of Mount Gambier, this motel offers free parking, accommodating not just cars, but large vehicles and trailers too.

Motel Mount Gambier is just a 4-minute drive from Centro Mount Gambier and 13 minutes from Mount Gambier Regional Airport.

The room is spacious, equipped with a toaster, kettle, and refrigerator.

Staff very friendly, helpful and made me feel so welcome. Will always stay each time I visit Mount Gambier.

-maralyn (see more reviews)

A flat-screen TV is provided in the seating area for a relaxing viewing experience.

Guests are also invited to use the barbecue facilities nestled in the garden area.

Plus, the convenience of daily maid service is included.

🏨 Mid-range: Mount Gambier Hotel

• ⭐ Rating: 8.9 out of 10
• 🏆 Known for: Location, free parking
• 🏨 Check Rates & Availability on Booking.com

A short 2 km away from the Blue Lake in Mount Gambier, you’ll find Mount Gambier Hotel.

This place boasts a restaurant, a bar, and non-smoking rooms with free WiFi.

For guests’ convenience, the hotel offers room service, luggage storage, and an ATM.

Lovely large corner room. Quiet . Enjoyed the walk in dressing room and bathroom.”

-denise (see more reviews)

Each air-conditioned unit is equipped with a fridge, a minibar, a kettle, and a desk.

Also, they offer a private bathroom complete with a shower, complimentary toiletries, a hairdryer, and comfortable bed linen.

For travellers, Mount Gambier Airport is a mere 8 km away from the inn.

🏨 Luxury: Colhurst House

• ⭐ Rating: 8.6 out of 10
• 🏆 Known for: Location, comfortable bed, free parking
• 🏨 Check Rates & Availability on Booking.com

Located a mere 2.2 km from the iconic Blue Lake, Colhurst House is in Mount Gambier.

Guests can enjoy a garden, a terrace, and daily maid service.

Free private parking, a shared lounge, and complimentary WiFi are offered to guests at this guest house.

Loved the ol’ world charm. The location was so close to main street and a great pub to eat at.

-nanette (see more reviews)

Every unit at the guest house includes a wardrobe and a private bathroom equipped with a shower and bathrobes, a flat-screen TV, and air conditioning.

Some rooms also feature a seating area. All units at the guest house come equipped with bed linen and towels.

Mount Gambier Airport, the closest airport, is conveniently located just 8 km away from Colhurst House.

The Formation of Sinkholes

The formation of sinkholes is a fascinating geological process that occurs when underground limestone dissolves, causing the ground to collapse. 

Mt Gambier sinkholes are a prime example of this natural wonder.

These stunning formations have captivated visitors and locals alike with their unique beauty and intriguing origin.

Limestone, abundant in the Mount Gambier region, plays a crucial role in forming these sinkholes.

Over time, rainwater seeps through the soil and enters cracks in the limestone bedrock.

As it moves through these underground channels, it slowly dissolves the limestone, creating caves beneath the surface.

As more limestone is dissolved, more giant caverns are formed.

Eventually, the weight of the overlying soil becomes too much for these weakened areas to bear, leading to sudden collapses known as sinkholes.

The ground opens up, revealing an incredible sight that leaves people in awe.

Exploring these sinkholes is like entering another world.

You can descend into their depths and witness the intricate rock formations created by centuries of water erosion.

Some sinkholes even contain crystal-clear lakes or lush vegetation, adding to their charm.

Understanding how these magnificent structures come into existence enhances our appreciation for nature’s power and beauty.

It reminds us of our planet’s dynamic processes and how they shape our environment over millions of years.

Geological History of Mount Gambier

The geological history of Mount Gambier dates back to over 25 million years ago when volcanic activity dominated the landscape.

The region was once home to several active volcanoes, their eruptions shaping the land and creating unique features we see today.

As the volcanic activity ceased, underground limestone formations started to form.

Over time, water infiltrated through cracks and crevices in the limestone, dissolving it and creating vast cave systems beneath the surface.

Eventually, some cave ceilings collapsed due to erosion or other factors, resulting in spectacular sinkholes like the Umpherston Sinkhole and Kilsby Sinkhole.

Mount Gambier’s geological history also includes periods of glaciation during which massive ice sheets covered much of the region.

These glaciers eroded the land and contributed to further sinkhole formation by exposing underlying limestone layers.

Today, visitors can explore these incredible sinkholes and marvel at their beauty.

While preserving their natural charm, we have transformed some sinkholes into lush gardens or recreational areas.

It’s truly an awe-inspiring experience to stand on the edge of a sinkhole and imagine how these formations came through millions of years of geological processes.

Types of Sinkholes in Mount Gambier

One type of sinkhole found in the area is called a crater.

These sinkholes are formed when the roof of an underground cave collapses, creating a steep-sided depression on the surface.

Crater sinkholes can vary in size and depth, some reaching up to 100 meters across.

They offer breathtaking views and an opportunity for adventurous souls to go spelunking.

We commonly know another type of sinkhole found around Mount Gambier as a doline.

Despite being smaller than craters, doline sinkholes hold their own fascination.

They form when water erodes the limestone bedrock over time, causing the ground above to collapse inward.

These dolines often have lush vegetation and crystal-clear pools at their bottoms, perfect spots for picnics or a refreshing swim.

The limestone coast surrounding Mount Gambier is also home to another type of sinkhole called cenotes.

Cenotes are deep natural pits filled with groundwater that provide access to underwater caves and tunnels.

These incredible formations create an otherworldly experience for divers who can explore the hidden depths beneath the surface.

Wildlife in and around the Sinkholes

Exploring the area, you’ll marvel at the diverse wildlife thriving in and around Mount Gambier’s captivating sinkholes.

The sinkholes are not only a natural wonder but also serve as habitats for various species, creating a truly remarkable ecosystem.

The possum is one of the most common creatures you might encounter during your visit.

These tiny marsupials can be found darting through the trees surrounding the sinkholes, their agile movements adding to the enchantment of the experience.

Keep an eye out for them as you embark on your sinkhole tour!

Another fascinating feature of this area is Piccaninnie Ponds, located just a short distance from Mount Gambier.

This unique freshwater system attracts a wide variety of bird species, including herons and ducks.

You might even spot some rare migratory birds stopping on their long journey if you’re lucky.

For those willing to venture underground, Engelbrecht Cave offers an opportunity to witness an entirely different side of wildlife.

This cave system is home to blind cavefish and other subterranean fauna adapted to life in complete darkness. It’s a reminder of how adaptable nature can be.

Lastly, don’t miss Caroline Sinkhole, which boasts its own mini-ecosystem hidden beneath its surface.

This sinkhole has become a popular spot for divers due to its crystal-clear waters and abundant marine life.

Snorkelling or diving here will allow you to get up close and personal with colourful fish and delicate coral formations.

The wildlife surrounding Mount Gambier’s sinkholes adds another layer of beauty and intrigue to this captivating destination.

So please keep your eyes peeled and take it all in as you explore this nature lover’s paradise!

Activities and Adventures in the Sinkholes

The sinkholes in this area offer many opportunities for scuba diving, cave exploring, and snorkelling.

Whether you’re an experienced diver or just a beginner, there’s something for everyone to enjoy.

One of the most popular activities in the Mount Gambier sinkholes is scuba diving.

With their crystal-clear waters, these sinkholes provide the perfect environment for underwater exploration.

Dive deep beneath the surface and discover an enchanting world filled with unique rock formations, vibrant marine life, and hidden treasures.

The thrill of swimming through dark caves and discovering new passageways is unlike anything else.

If scuba diving isn’t your thing, don’t worry! There are plenty of other options available.

Snorkelling allows you to experience the beauty of these sinkholes from a different perspective.

Grab your snorkel gear and dive into the clear water to get up close and personal with colourful fish, fascinating coral reefs, and even submerged trees.

Viewing platforms are located around some of the sinkholes for those who prefer to stay dry but still want to take in the breathtaking views.

These platforms provide a panoramic view of the stunning landscape below, allowing you to appreciate the natural beauty surrounding you fully.

Mount Gambier Sinkholes and Caves FAQs

Conclusion: Mount Gambier Sinkholes and Caves

In conclusion, visiting the Mt Gambier sinkholes and caves is an experience like no other!

These natural wonders, formed over thousands of years, provide a unique insight into the area’s geological history. 

From exploring the Sinkhole Gardens to diving into the Blue Lake Sinkhole, endless activities await you. 

It’s important to remember to respect and preserve these incredible formations for future generations.

So grab your gear and prepare for an unforgettable journey through these magnificent sinkholes!

Read More: